Cost of Sanding
Nien-Yin Chang, Brian Brady
This report examines the costs and impacts of using sand for winter road maintenance in Colorado. It utilizes finite element analysis (FEA), specifically the NIKE3D code, to simulate the physical mechanism of how sand particles become airborne from the pavement when a tire passes over them. This work helps validate field observations and contributes to a broader understanding of how sanding causes windshield damage.