Abstract:
This study presents a high-fidelity numerical investigation of ballistic impact on ceramic/aramid composite armor systems subjected to velocities up to 1100 m/s. Using the Autodyn hydrocode, the simulations incorporate hydrodynamic principles to model the interaction of projectiles (STANAG fragments and NATO 5.56 mm bullets) with brittle ceramic materials and ductile backing layers. The ceramic front plate is simulated using the Mohr-Coulomb strength model with a cumulative damage failure criterion, accounting for pressure-dependent yield behavior. Kevlar 29 is modeled using an orthotropic material model incorporating nonlinear equations of state. Both full Lagrangian and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) methods are employed to capture large deformations, crack propagation, and conoid fracture development. Parametric variations in ceramic thickness demonstrate the significant effect of hydrodynamic stress waves and shape interactions on overall ballistic performance and damage morphology.
