Abstract:
This study presents a combined numerical and experimental investigation into the ballistic performance of ceramic/Kevlar 29 composite armor systems against NATO 5.56 mm projectiles. Using AUTODYN-3D, the simulations employ both Lagrangian and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) methods to analyze high-strain-rate hydrodynamic responses during impact, including ceramic fragmentation, projectile erosion, and energy dissipation. The ceramic layer is modeled with a Mohr-Coulomb strength model coupled to a cumulative damage failure model, while the aramidic backing uses an orthotropic composite material model. The analysis evaluates how parametric variations in shape and thickness ratio influence crack propagation, stress wave transmission, and residual projectile velocity. Results highlight the crucial role of hydrodynamic interactions in shaping damage morphology and support the optimization of lightweight armor through geometry-driven simulation.
