Abstract:
This study investigates the glenohumeral capsule as a continuous sheet of fibrous tissue, challenging the traditional ligament-based classification in shoulder anatomy. Using detailed dissection and biomechanical analysis of cadaver specimens, the authors demonstrate that the capsule functions as an integrated structure with regionally specialized fiber orientations that contribute to shoulder joint stability. Tensile testing reveals the material properties of different capsular regions, and joint positioning studies clarify how capsule tension changes with humeral movement. The findings underscore the capsule’s role as a passive constraint in maintaining normal joint kinematics and resisting pathological translation, providing implications for both injury assessment and surgical repair techniques. By evaluating the capsule as a unified biomechanical entity, the study offers a more accurate anatomical and functional framework for understanding shoulder mechanics and developing rehabilitation protocols.
