Abstract:
This paper presents a comprehensive biomechanical study utilizing a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model to explore the impact of joint alignment on the patellofemoral joint mechanics, focusing specifically on articular cartilage behavior under various alignment conditions. The model integrates experimentally obtained geometries from laser-scanned feline knee joints into ABAQUS software, simulating cartilage as a biphasic material comprising incompressible solid and fluid phases, with permeability dependent on deformation. The simulation investigates the effects of lateral shifts of the patella by 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm relative to the femoral groove at a fixed knee angle, highlighting how even minor deviations substantially influence cartilage contact area, peak pressure, and fluid flow dynamics. Results indicate that a mere 1 mm misalignment can double the peak contact pressure and significantly extend the time required to reach biomechanical equilibrium, emphasizing the biomechanical sensitivity of joints to anatomical alignment. This research underscores the importance of accurate geometric representation and precise alignment considerations in understanding joint mechanics and predicting potential degenerative responses within diarthrodial joints.
